Free Essays on Abuse Of Alcohol And Drugs

Maltreatment of Alcohol and Drugs Nowadays numerous understudies expend liquor and medications. Be that as it may, every one of them have their own issues which they need to â€Å"escape† from. Family issues, social issues, the awful club, physical and mental maltreatment are little piece of what the understudies that ingest medications are related with. Then again, perhaps, it is just to flaunt, who knows! Understudies who expend unlawful substances have helpless scholastic execution and are a lot of liable to remove of school. They can't focus and think unmistakably, however when they do, they are affected by some medication. The medications frequently become a propensity, and in any event, when you don’t need it to get away from the real world, you take it and it turns into a piece of you; the terrible piece of you. A few understudies state that â€Å"it is critical to look for new experience†. Hallucinogenic medications make clear what as of now exists inside the human brain. As indicated by another report from Harvard School of Pub Health scientists, the pervasiveness of late Marijuana use among U.S understudies rose from 12.9% to25.7% somewhere in the range of 1993 and 1999. Unlawful medications are anything but difficult to track down in light of the fact that nearly everybody knows someone who is expending drugs. A large number of understudies go to class where tobacco, medications and liquor are now accessible and guardians, educators, managers and networks do next to no to dishearten utilization of these substances, as per the consequences of a six-year study. â€Å"American schools are unequivocally not liquor and medication free,† said Joseph A. Califano, Jr., executive and leader of Columbia University’s National Center on Addiction and Substances Abuse, which directed the enormous investigation of center and secondary school understudies . The impacts from liquor include: loss of muscle control, debilitated reflexes, spewing, and obviousness. Since liquor goes straightforwardly into the circulation system, abuse of liquor can influence pretty much every framework in the body. Long haul use can cause malignant growth, mind harm, cirrhosis o... Free Essays on Abuse Of Alcohol And Drugs Free Essays on Abuse Of Alcohol And Drugs Maltreatment of Alcohol and Drugs Nowadays numerous understudies devour liquor and medications. Notwithstanding, every one of them have their own issues which they need to â€Å"escape† from. Family issues, social issues, the terrible inner circle, physical and mental maltreatment are little piece of what the understudies that ingest medications are related with. Then again, perhaps, it is just to flaunt, who knows! Understudies who devour unlawful substances have helpless scholarly execution and are a lot of prone to remove of school. They can't focus and think unmistakably, yet when they do, they are affected by some medication. The medications regularly become a propensity, and in any event, when you don’t need it to get away from the real world, you take it and it turns into a piece of you; the terrible piece of you. A few understudies state that â€Å"it is critical to look for new experience†. Hallucinogenic medications make obvious what as of now exists inside the human psyche. As indicated by another report from Harvard School of Pub Health analysts, the pervasiveness of late Marijuana use among U.S understudies rose from 12.9% to25.7% somewhere in the range of 1993 and 1999. Unlawful medications are anything but difficult to track down in light of the fact that nearly everybody knows someone who is devouring medications. A large number of understudies go to class where tobacco, medications and liquor are as of now accessible and guardians, educators, executives and networks do almost no to demoralize utilization of these substances, as indicated by the aftereffects of a six-year study. â€Å"American schools are strongly not liquor and medication free,† said Joseph A. Califano, Jr., administrator and leader of Columbia University’s National Center on Addiction and Substances Abuse, which directed the enormous investigation of center and secondary school understudies . The impacts from liquor include: loss of muscle control, hindered reflexes, heaving, and obviousness. Since liquor goes straightforwardly into the circulation system, abuse of liquor can influence pretty much every framework in the body. Long haul use can cause malignant growth, cerebrum harm, cirrhosis o...

Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Examination - Assignment Example Downturn influenced different businesses. Lager, being an extravagance item, saw a record breaking drop in deals as the peripheral affinity to devour liquor decreased. This was because of the decreased buying power. Significant expense and low pay diminished the sum that individuals spent on brew utilization. In any case, after the downturn, the clients had more pay to spend on extravagances and lager, along these lines, request pushed deals up (WSJ; October 2, 2012). Top brew makers picked up an incentive after the downturn, however their brands couldn't hang on their offer costs, they fell. The greatest players in the business, Anheuser-Busch Inc. saw record deals of 39.9% in 2011 and 39.7 in 2012. The firm was firmly trailed by Molson Coors preparing n mill operator blending. The outline (iii) in the informative supplement shows the top brew marks in the business Regardless of the serious conditions in the United States mixed refreshments and tobacco industry, specialty brew has picked up esteem and their brands have more appeal. The specialty fermenting sub-industry improved and recorded a 15% development in 2011 and 17% in 2012. In 20122, the specialty brew area had a piece of the pie of 10.2%. The specialty brew sub-industry is relied upon to proceed with the development pattern if every single financial condition stay steady or improve. Boston lager is the greatest maker of specialty brew with over 15.7% piece of the pie in the preparing business. The organization contends in both high caliber and premium lagers and furthermore on low estimated brew. The organization has a specialty unit that produces premium lager under the name Sam Adams to rival built up preparing monsters. Boston Beer gloats being the biggest specialty lager brewer in the United States. It is likewise positioned 6th in the preparing business as far as deals. The offer cost of the SAM as of eleventh April 2014 is $234.4 per share that spoke to little top development. The profit per share (EPS) remained at $6.80; this suggests each offer gave by the organization had an arrival of $6.80 as of April 2014(Yahoo! Fund). This is a

Transformative Counselling Encounters free essay sample

At the point when I got this task I was very threatened from the outset, since I wasn’t very certain about where I should begin. As I am energetic about the government assistance of kids when all is said in done, I believed that it would be a smart thought to put together my task with respect to an association that common my conviction that kids must be treasured and thought about so as to guarantee a superior future for everybody. From the start I felt that it may be a smart thought to contact an association like xxxxxx, as they are notable spots of wellbeing for kids and their strategic making a move for stranded and surrendered youngsters by building and fortifying families for them to live in and develop with adoration, security and regard, has consistently impacted me. At that point on working through the examination units I felt that possibly I ought to rather focus on an association that has a more extensive concentration to incorporate guiding to whole families. My examination into associations that fit this lead me to consider xxx as they offer exemplary guiding administrations that plans to assist families with settling individual and between close to home issues, choose and embrace increasingly productive mentalities and aptitudes of relating and to improve people’s working in critical connections and other relational exchanges. They likewise have a volunteer program which I thought (and still believe) that I might want to get associated with. With this impact I reached a companion of mine whom I knew functioned as a volunteer at xxx some time back. I recollected her mentioning to me what an advancing encounter she saw her long stretches of chipping in as at that point. During our discussion it developed that she had begun an intercession practice with her better half in the time since I had last truly addressed her, which I need to concede had been a long while. The association that she had begun together with her better half is called ‘xxxx’. They have a solid spotlight on lawful Below is a free article on Transformative Counseling Encounters Pyc3705 from Anti Essays, your hotspot with the expectation of complimentary research papers, expositions, and research project models. Transformative Counseling Encounters PYC3705 Assignment 1 (Unique Code: 248043) When I got this task I was very threatened from the outset, since I wasn’t very certain about where I should begin. As I am exceptionally enthusiastic about the government assistance of kids when all is said in done, I felt that it would be a smart thought to put together my task with respect to an association that common my conviction that youngsters must be esteemed and thought about so as to guarantee a superior future for everybody. From the start I believed that it may be a smart thought to contact an association like xxxxxx, as they are notable spots of wellbeing for youngsters and their strategic making a move for stranded and deserted kids by building and fortifying families for them to live in and develop with affection, security and regard, has consistently impacted me. At that point on working through the examination units I felt that perhaps I ought to rather focus on an association that has a more extensive concentration to incorporate advising to whole families. My examination into associations that fit this lead me to consider xxx as they offer great directing administrations that plans to assist families with settling individual and between close to home issues, choose and embrace progressively valuable mentalities and abilities of relating and to improve people’s working in huge connections and other relational exchanges. They likewise have a volunteer program which I thought (and still imagine) that I might want to get associated with. With this impact I reached a companion of mine whom I knew filled in as a volunteer at xxx some time back. I recalled her mentioning to me what an advancing encounter she saw her long periods of chipping in as at that point. During our discussion it rose that she had begun an intercession practice with her better half in the time since I had last truly addressed her, which I need to concede had been a long while. The association that she had begun together with her significant other is called ‘xxxx’. They have a solid spotlight on legitimate Below is a free exposition on Transformative Counseling Encounters Pyc3705 from Anti Essays, your hotspot with the expectation of complimentary research papers, papers, and research project models. Transformative Counseling Encounters PYC3705 Assignment 1 (Unique Code: 248043) When I got this task I was very scared from the outset, since I wasn’t very certain about where I should begin. As I am extremely enthusiastic about the government assistance of youngsters when all is said in done, I imagined that it would be a smart thought to put together my task with respect to an association that mutual my conviction that kids must be treasured and thought about so as to guarantee a superior future for everybody. From the outset I believed that it may be a smart thought to contact an association like xxxxxx, as they are notable spots of wellbeing for kids and their crucial making a move for stranded and deserted kids by building and reinforcing families for them to live in and develop with adoration, security and regard, has consistently impacted me. At that point on working through the examination units I felt that perhaps I ought to rather focus on an association that has a more extensive concentration to incorporate advising to whole families. My examination into associations that fit this lead me to consider xxx as they offer great advising administrations that means to assist families with settling individual and between close to home issues, choose and embrace progressively helpful perspectives and aptitudes of relating and to upgrade people’s working in noteworthy connections and other relational exchanges. They likewise have a volunteer program which I thought (and still feel) that I might want to get engaged with. With this impact I reached a companion of mine whom I knew filled in as a volunteer at xxx some time prior. I recalled her mentioning to me what an enhancing experience she saw her long stretches of chipping in as at that point. During our discussion it rose that she had begun an intervention practice with her better half in the time since I had last truly addressed her, which I need to concede had been a long while. The association that she had begun together with her significant other is called ‘xxxx’. They have a solid spotlight on lawful Below is a free article on Transformative Counseling Encounters Pyc3705 from Anti Essays, your hotspot with the expectation of complimentary research papers, papers, and research paper models. Transformative Counseling Encounters PYC3705 Assignment 1 (Unique Code: 248043) When I got this task I was very threatened from the start, since I wasn’t very certain about where I should begin. As I am exceptionally enthusiastic about the government assistance of kids as a rule, I imagined that it would be a smart thought to put together my task with respect to an association that mutual my conviction that kids must be treasured and thought about so as to guarantee a superior future for everybody. From the start I imagined that it may be a smart thought to contact an association like xxxxxx, as they are notable spots of wellbeing for youngsters and their crucial making a move for stranded and deserted kids by building and reinforcing families for them to live in and develop with adoration, security and regard, has consistently impacted me. At that point on working through the examination units I felt that perhaps I ought to rather focus on an association that has a more extensive concentration to incorporate directing to whole families. My examination into associations that fit this lead me to consider xxx as they offer exemplary directing administrations that expects to assist families with settling individual and between close to home issues, choose and embrace progressively useful perspectives and abilities of relating and to improve people’s working in huge connections and other relational exchanges. They likewise have a volunteer program which I thought (and still believe) that I might want to get associated with. With this impact I reached a companion of mine whom I knew filled in as a volunteer at xxx some time back. I recalled her mentioning to me what an enhancing experience she saw her long stretches of chipping in as at that point. During our discussion it developed that she had begun an intercession practice with her better half in the time since I had last truly addressed her, which I need to concede had been a long while. The association that she had begun together with her better half is called ‘xxxx’. They have a solid spotlight on lawful Below is a free exposition on Transformative Counseling Encounters Pyc3705 from Anti Essays, your hotspot with the expectation of complimentary research papers, papers, and research project models. Transformative Counseling Encounters PYC3705 Assignment 1 (Unique Code: 248043) When I got this task I was very scared from the outset, since I wasn’t very certain about where I should begin. As I am exceptionally energetic about the government assistance of youngsters by and large, I felt that it would be a smart thought to put together my task with respect to an association that common my conviction that kids must be esteemed and thought about so as to guarantee a superior future for everybody. From the start I imagined that it may be a smart thought to contact an association like xxxxxx, as they are notable spots of wellbeing for kids and their crucial making a move for stranded and relinquished kids by building and reinforcing families for them to live in and develop with affection, security and regard, has consistently impacted me. At that point on working through the investigation units I felt that possibly I ought to rather focus on an association that has a more extensive concentration to incorporate advising to whole families. My investigation into associations that fit this lead me to consider xxx as they offer great advising administrations that means to assist families with settling individual and between close to home issues, choose and receive increasingly useful mentalities and aptitudes of relating and to improve people’s working in noteworthy connections and other relational exchanges. They likewise have a volunteer program which I tho

Role Of The National Bank And Its Intervention Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

In Georgia, as in the worlds most ancient civilized countries, the monetary-credit relations, the existence of different credit facilities and banks have a very long history. Different types of credit institutions, such as credit unions appeared in the VIth century BC in ancient Georgian kingdoms of Colchis and Iberia. These institutions were the precursor of todays banking system. This process permanently continued and further accelerated, and in the 8th century, wide variety of credit organizations banks in todays term already existed giving credits with or without the basis of collaterals. In the XI-XIII centuries, Georgia was involved in the world trade, after which the credit unions were more developing, however, after the second half of XIII century Georgian territory became the fighting arena, while it continuously had invaders from different countries.1 Therefore any kind of materials or historical sources on credit facilities is no longer available. After that period the financial-banking system in Georgia was gradually developing and refining. But in this paper we will mainly consider todays banking system and its role in the countrys economy starting from the period of Georgias independence. After declaring its independence, the financial system of Georgia has experienced significant changes. The financial infrastructure designed the following t ransformation: The National Bank of Georgia (NBG) has been created; the national currency Georgian Lari (GEL) has been issued; the commercial banks have been certified. Except banking system, the financial system includes other financial institutions. In 2010 in Georgia 19 Commercial banks operated, from which 16 are operating with the foreign capital participation. As for non-banking depository institutions, there are 49 microfinance organizations (MFO), 18 credit unions; 1,624 exchange bureaus; 24 money remittance service providers; 16 insurance companies; 6 pension funds and 1 stock exchange.0 Among these financial institutions most profitable and important for financial sector is the banking system, which is reflected with the mobilization of the finances and their formation into investment sources by means of the banking institutions. According to this, banking system plays an important role in increasing the pace of Georgian economy. The banks operate in accordance with moder n market model in every respect. An active involvement of the Georgian banks helps the small and medium sized business development in the country. Georgia have done lost of success in developing its financial sector during last years after its independence, however external factors have hampered countrys development to some extent recently, which reflected on Georgias economy and consequently on its financial sector. Nowadays, positive changes are being implemented which gives us the possibility to presume, that the financial system will further develop and promote countys economic development. The Institutional Reforms in the Banking Sector The transformation of Georgias financial system was going on the background of heavy economic and political crisis. During 1991-1994, the production capacity dropped dramatically by 70 percent, which caused a serious financial crisis, suspension of traditional foreign economic links, weak requirements for licensing and, moreover hyperinflation increased instability of banking system. Extremely low required initial capital and the absence of regulation norms from the national bank facilitated the process of the creation of new private banks. From 1989 to 1993, number of commercial banks functioning in the country increased from 20 to 228 (See Table 3 for details), but because of a weak financial base biggest part of them faced financial difficulties, consequently volume of deposits dropped to zero; they couldnt provide high-quality services to their customers. Because of the lack of credit recourses, commercial banks began to compete in attracting money amounts from the population i n return for huge interest rates. Interest rates reached 25-30 percent per month. Unfortunately, such promises were beyond reasonable. After a year, already in 1995, such promises gave deplorable results these banks became bankrupts.3 The tendency of opening commercial banks easily and providing credits from the national bank was finally stopped by the introduction of a new regulation and strict requirements for commercial banks. As a result, in 1996, a two-tier banking system has been developed. The national bank became the upper level of the banking system. All other banks, being under private ownership, constituted the lower tier. The National Bank of Georgia was formed as a classic central bank. The central bank supported Georgian banking system to become larger and secured. In 1998, in order to improve the banks equity liquidity, the requirements for the charter capital were made stricter. The national bank introduced minimal charter capital with the amount of 5 million GEL . Later it increased up to 12 million GEL. This policy led to the reduction of number of commercial banks and in 2009, only 20 commercial banks were functioning out of 228 (Mosiashvili, 2009). Table 3. Number of registered commercial banks /end of the year/ 1993 2001 2002 2003 2004 2009 2010 Number of Banks Total 228 29 27 25 21 20 19 Number of Bank Branches _ 206 199 201 162 159 119 Nowadays, 17 of the existing commercial banks are national (private owned) and 2 are branch establishments of Turkish and Azerbaijan Banks. All in all, 16 out of the 19 commercial banks were founded under the participation of foreign financial institutions such as HSBS, Commerzbank and Societe Generale and others. From 1997, the banking system of Georgia grew significantly rapidly. The banking sector compared to other sectors was annually developing at a preceding rate. During 1997-2004, financial intermediation, as one of the types of economic activities, grew almost 8.7 times in real terms, while the GDP only grew 1.6 times. Despite the fact, that banking sectors share itself is rather small, it offers its clients almost all kinds of banking services currently available in the developed countries. Role of Banks in Developing the Economy As we already mentioned, nineteen commercial banks operated in 2010, from which 17 are resident banks and two as branches of a foreign bank. The total number of service centers and branches of the commercial banks in Georgia equals 632, or 26 units less compared to the previous year (probably because of the cost minimization policies). The share of commercial banks with foreign capital participation equals 89 percent in total assets and 88.3 percent in equity capital. 78.7 percent of paid-in capital represents investments, a two percentage point increase in annual terms. The Georgian banking sector received investments in the total amount of 58.14 million GEL in terms of flows between June 2009 and June 2010. The total assets of the banking system comprised 9.215 million GEL at the end of Q2 2010, which in 19.2 percent more compared to 2009. As for the rations of total banking assets and loans with respect to GDP, these parameters were subject to certain fluctuations in the acco unting period. At present, the assets-to-GDP ratio equals 48.7 percent, being 6 percent more compared to previous 2009 year. The loans-to-GDP ratio in 2010 stood at 30.3 percent, posting an insignificant change in annual terms. Commercial banks credits to economy Deposits Share of Households in Deposits (%) Total in national currency in foreign currency 2003 785923 618852 85863 532989 60.3 2004 964917 895940 230104 665836 50.5 2005 1730466 1174896 333611 841285 54.7 2006 2704384 1859075 565143 1293932 50.2 2007 4632048 2863060 984903 1878157 45.1 2008 6059598 3221187 778560 2442627 50.9 2009 5253905 3427324 91002 2517322 52.7 Source: NBG Deposits The deposits in commercial banks showed a mild increase by 6.4 percent in 2009 compared to 2008, which can be explained by a high growth rate (16.9 percent) of deposits in national currency. Their share in total deposit volume increased significantly by 2.3 percent and comprised 26.5 percent compared to 2008. Hence, the deposit dollarization coefficient decreased from 75.8 percent to 73.5 percent. In 2008, an upward trend in foreign currency denominated deposits continued, although the growth rate was much lower by 5.5 times that of the deposits in national currency. The increase in the deposits in foreign currency was mainly achieved due to the rise in term-deposits by 14.2 percent, while current account deposits decreased by 19.9 percent. It should be noted, that the interest rates on deposits tended to decrease: the respective interest rates on deposits in lari and foreign currency decreased from 11.4 and 10.2 percent in June 2009 to 10.7 and 9.3 percent at the end of the year, and 9.5 and 8.0 percent at the end of June 2010. Compared to 2009, the overall share of deposits increased by 45.3 percent in 2010; Loans The amount of loans issued by commercial banks significantly decreased in 2008 (by 13.3 percent). 95 percent of these loans accounted for term loans, according to which 3 percent and 1.4 percent accounted for overdue loans and accrued interest. In 2009, 59.8 percent of credits to the national economy issued by commercial banks both in national and foreign currencies went to different sectors of the economy, while 40.2 percent went to households. Source: NBG The structure of credit to the economy experienced significant changes in 2008: the share of industry has increased by 2.3 percent. At the same time slightly increased healthcare and transport and communications share (0.5 and 0.3 percent). In contrast, notable decrease was seen in the share of trade (1.3 percent). And last but not least, the shares of real estate transactions and construction experienced a decrease as well by 0.9 percent and 0.6 percent. In 2009, fewer amounts were channeled towards crediting of sectors o f the economy as compared to a year before mainly because of the decrease in loans to trade and construction by 12.8 and 14.9 percent. In 2008, the average annual interest rate on loans of commercial banks comprised 18.6 percent; then in 2009 it increased by 0.7 percent and in 2010 decreased again by 1.4 percent and comprised 18.1 percent. The total assets of commercial banking sector showed a moderate decrease by 6.5 percent falling to GEL 5,185 million in 2009 due mainly to a notable drop in loans to the entrepreneurial sector and households because of higher credit risks. The decrease in total liabilities, on the other hand, was caused by a sharp decline in borrowings by commercial banks. However, starting from January 2010 a permanent uptrend has been manifested showing signs of economic recovery. As for June 2010, the volume of loans equals GEL 5,737 million. In particular, the loans to legal entities grew by 10.9 percent year-on-year, while loans to individuals increase d only slightly at 0.6 percent. Overall, the real growth of the credit portfolio of the banking sector equaled 3.1 percent in the accounting period. Strong growth of loans in the first half of 2010 should be noted with the real growth amounted to 8.43 percent during that period. In 2010, 42.5 percent of the interest income of the banking sector came from loans to individuals, and 55 percent from loans to legal entities. If we compare the interest expenses, the net interest margin equaled 14.7 percent for households and 12.1 percent for legal entities. General Trends in System Development During last ten years, Georgian economy was growing quite successfully. The major factor of economic growth was a correct macroeconomic policy which along with economic liberalization envisaged the establishment of European market regulations. In such conditions, the banking sector has achieved very good indicators, particularly in loans and consumer deposits; growth prospects are also very important. After all of the above-mentioned circumstances significantly increased financial interests of international organizations through the Georgian banking system. Today, as a result, many foreign and international financial institutions are making investments in Georgia. They are as follows: EBRD, IFC, Kreditanstalt fà ¼r Wiederaufbau (KfW), JSC Procreditbank, German Komerzbank, German Investments and Development Company (DEG), Russian ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¾Vneshtorbank and many more. Growth of foreign capital in Georgian banking system significantly increased the availability of new resources and new banking products, and at the same time was an important contributor of introducing modern management principles. Participation of foreign financial institutions in Georgian banking system is also reflected by allocation of credit lines, which started from 1996 and consisted three main directions: Structural strengthening of banks; Support of small and medium sized businesses (SME); Mortgage market development. In this direction leads EBRD and its capacity of credit line to Georgian banks is growing annually. Only in 2001-2005, the amount of credit line increased from GEL 32 to 50 million and was distributed to six commercial banks. Recently, on July 2010, the EBRD has approved a financing USD 50 million package for the Bank of Georgia consisting of three transactions: USD 20 million for Medium-Sized Co-Financing Facility (MCFF) with full recourse to the company; USD 20 million credit line for Small and Medium Enterprise Lending (SME) and USD 1 0 million credit line for Energy Efficiency.7 Bank of Georgia is the leading bank in Georgia with a market share of 33 percent of total assets on the London Stock Exchange. The second largest share of credit line has IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, which is also growing its credit lines annually. In the same period, the amount of loans for three commercial banks increased from GEL 8 million to GEL 31 million. Also should be mentioned the fact, that it declared of lending USD 20 million to Bank Republic, Societe Generale Group for financing small and medium sized enterprises. SME in Georgia represent one of the most important segments for economic growth as well as employment. It consists of lots of sectors such as small retailer shops, traders from agriculture and many more. SME business has high potential and the most interesting field to develop is manufacturing, in order to be able to produce products, to be exported and development of export is crucial for the country in order to capture inflow of foreign currency.8 It is also noteworthy to mention German DEG and KfW with their modest share. KfW is very actively involved in financing the land market development project and establishment of technical support in deposit insurance system, which will have a great importance on the future development of banking sector. As for the current situation, in 2010, after activating the processes of consolidation and concentration, the following major groups have been firmly established: Large Banks (6) with the 87 percent assets of the overall banking sector (each bank consists of more than 5 percent total assets of the banking system); Medium sized banks are represented with three commercial banks, each of them owns from 1 to 5 percent of overall banking assets (total group includes 7 percent of total assets); Small banking group includes 10 banks (each owns less than 1 and together 6 percent of the overall banking assets). The quantitative and qualitative growth rates in Georgian banks were challenged by strong financial conditions of large banks, which caused stability of the banking system. The main competition was held among these strong banks and they become the pioneers of implementing new products and services. Operating Licensed Commercial Banks in Georgia Bank Date of Licensing Licensing Number Current Number of Branches JSC Bank Republic 04.02.1992 N5 46 JSC TaoPrivatBank (Former JSC kavkasioni, JCS Tao Bank, JCS First Commercial Bank 25.02.1992 N10 40 JSC TBC Bank 20.01.1993 N85 35 JSC Bank of Georgia 15.12.1994 N86 138 JCS Liberty Bank (Former Peoples bank, JCS Agro-industrial Bank) 10.02.1993 N96 72 JCS Basisbank 11.04.1993 N173 18 JSC VTB Bank Georgia (Former JSC United Georgian Bank) 07.05.1995 N226-a 15 JCS Cartu Bank 09.01.1997 N229 9 JSC Procredit Bank (Former JSC Microfinance Bank of Georgia) 13.05.1999 N233 55 JSC BTA Bank (Former JSC BTA Silk Road Bank, JSC Silk Road) 13.03.2001 N238 7 JSC Investbank 29.09.2003 N241 3 JSC The International Bank of Azerbaijan-Georgia 07.02.2007 N0110242 1 T.C. JSC Ziraat Bank A.S. Tbilisi Branch 31.03.1998 N231-1 1 Open JSC Transcaucasus Development Bank Tbilisi Branch 02.12.1999 N234-1 1 JSC HSBC Bank-Georgia 30.07.2007 N000226 1 JSC Progress Bank 31.12.2007 N0110244 2 JSC KOR Standard Bank 25.01.2008 N01100245 14 JSC Halyk Bank Georgia 29.01.2008 N0110246 1 JSC Bank Constanta 03.07.2008 Decree N130 issued by the Head of FSA 17 From these commercial banks the leading banks can be considered Bank of Georgia, TBC Bank, Bank Republic and Procredit Bank. This is mainly due to the amount of loan portfolio, with the share of deposits, with a good service and international recognition (with respect to other banks). For example, Fitch Ratings, a global credit rating agency, has improved TBC Banks rating and assigned B+ category. Growth of TBC Banks rating is a very positive event since the difficult economic and political processes in Georgia during 2008-2009 had a negative effect on the countrys economy, including banking sector. Experts of Fitch Ratings claim that growth of TBC Banks rating along with the stab le and dynamic development of the bank has been conditioned by a large scale investment in TBC Bank in the first half of 2009 as well as by the changes that took place in the structure of shareholders. Moodys Investors Service has upgraded by two notches to B1 from B3 the long-term foreign currency deposit rating TBC Bank. At the same time, Moodys has the banks D bank financial strength rating (BFSR), which maps to a Ba3 baseline credit assessment (SCA), and has changed its outlook to stable. Similarly, the banks Ba3 long-term global local currency (GLC) deposit rating was confirmed with a stable outlook. Raising USD 161 million from leading international institutions such as EBRD, enterpreneual development bank of the Netherlands FMO, JP Morgan and Ashmore was banks major achievement in 2009. TBC Banks performance in the SME segment is improving annually. At the same time, the Banks structure and approaches are being developed in order to increase the quality service. Th e TBC bank main financial data for 2010 can be characterized as follows: net profit of GEL 43 million was achieved; Bank evaluated another successful year from its 18 year history. According to the banks information, loan portfolio was increased by 33 percent (GEL 369 million), deposits increased by 38 percent (GEL 370 million) and total assets by 30 percent (GEL 522 million). From the beginning of 2010, taking into account countrys improvement, TBC Bank has reinforced its credit policy and softened the terms of lending. It introduced several social projects, implemented a new service as well as expanded its branch networks and so on.9 Banks market share in total assets is 20.8 percent; market share in loans 21.6 percent and market share in deposits accounts for 24.9 percent. Abbreviations IFC International Financial Corporation KfW Kreditanstalt fà ¼r Wiederaufbau SME Small and Medium sized business BFSR Bank Financial Strength Rating GLC Global Local Currency 0 National Statistics of Georgia: www.geostat.ge 1 see www.cac-biodiversity.org for details. 2 Kartl-Kakheti Kingdom in Georgia dont exist anymore. Instead they represent two regions of Georgia: Kartli and Kakheti. 7 See www.ebrd.com 3 According to expert estimation, total amount accumulated in these companies and banks, fluctuated between 25 million and 50 million USD, composed 20-35 percent of a state budget in 1995. 4 Mwenda (2006), pp. 31-32. 8 see www.finchannel.com 9 see www.economy.ge

Essay about Territorial Expansion - 1635 Words

Territorial Expansion Almost all people have, at one stage or another in their history felt and expressed the need to extend their territory and also to explain and justify their need both to the world and to themselves. ( John A. Hawgood, Manifest Destiny, p126) When North America was first being colonised in the early 17th century, the settlers made their home along the coasts of the ocean and the shores of the nearby rivers. Nevertheless, as the population kept growing, adventurers, trappers and many mores, started to move west, farther from waterways and from the Atlantic coast. Early westward expansion began#8230; However, it is in the first half of the 19th century that the United Sates gained most of its lands,†¦show more content†¦Indeed, at the beginning of the 19th century, the American population reached no more than 5.3 million people, among which approximately 7.3 % only, lived in the west. But throughout the East, the growing conviction that it was a land of potential riches and of opportunities start to emerge. Then, every following decade, and this for a period of 60 years or so, the population of the USA has increased by roughly 35 %. Consequently, by the 1860s, there were about 31.5 million inhabitants in the country, 49.2 % of which had settled in the American West. This population growth was of course the result of natural growth, but also of the dramatic European migration, immigrants fleeing from their country to seek new lands to own. Most of the times, these migrations were fostered by a desire for adventure, the image a New World and by the prospect of becoming rich (or at least richer than they were before). In 1830, immigration to the United States had reached more than 23,000 people per year. By 1840, it had raised to 84,000 people, more than a thousand per cent of the rate only twenty years before. Evidently, this increasing population gradually needed a place to live and the people began to settle far away from the Atlantic coast. First, the limits of this inland colonisation were the Appalachians. But as soon as the Royal Act lost its validity,Show MoreRelatedManifest Destiny And American Territorial Expansion Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesMississippi River, coupled with t he knowledge that there was an abundance of land for new settlement west of the river, led to the ideology of expansionism; the ideology became simply known as Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny and American Territorial Expansion, written by Amy S. Greenburg, deeply explains the motivation of the individuals looking to expand their settlements westward. Since the time of publication, we have realized that we could have handled the situation, in which we removed theRead MoreEssay about Territorial Expansion 1800-18501104 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the years 1800-1850 the nation was full of battles and prosperity. 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Influence Of Mental Health And Families, Friends, And...

This paper will be examining and investigation the influence of mental health and families, friends, and other close personal relationships, specifically Alzheimer s disease. Alzheimer s Disease is a progressive form of dementia, that damages the brain in all areas of the brain, but affects the hippocampus essential to memory and learning. Atrophy: genders global dysfunction progression corresponds with symptoms of the disease memory, mood, language, and recognition to daily tasks. Negative stigma surrounding mental illnesses, and misconceptions about the people who suffer these disorders. We stereotyping people by saying they are abnormal, and we get scared in the face of illness, perhaps due to the fact that sometimes we can t rationalize these illnesses. However, we become ignorance and have to become informed about these illnesses. We view people with mental illnesses as sick, dangerous, incapable. Mental illness is as serious as diseases like cancer and is life threatenin g. My inspiration for choosing this topic is because my family and I lost my grandfather to Alzheimer s, and how his progression and eventual passing affected our lives. As well as a movie, in particular, called Still Alice (2014) was based on a novel published by Lisa Genova in 2009. The movie portrays what mental illness can do to a family. The plot revolves around Alice Howland, who is a linguistics professor and was diagnosed with early onset. It reflects how her symptoms affectedShow MoreRelatedThe Factors That Make Teenagers Use Drugs?972 Words   |  4 Pagesteenagers use drugs? 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Media Portrayal of Mental Illness in America Essay Example For Students

Media Portrayal of Mental Illness in America Essay Media Portrayal of Mental Illness in America Essay The media in American society has a major influential impact on the minds and beliefs of millions of people. Whether through the news, television shows, or film, the media acts as a huge database for knowledge and instruction. It is both an auditory and visual database that can press images and ideas into peoples minds. Even if the individual has no prior exposure or knowledge to something, the media can project into peoples minds and leave a lasting impression. Though obviously people are aware of what they are listening to or watching, thoughts and assumptions can drift into their minds without even realizing it. These thoughts that drift in are extremely influential. The massive impact it can leave on Americas perception leads to generalizations, assumptions, and stigmas. The media influence is not always negative, however. In most cases it has beneficial and positive aspects. Without the media, people would be drastically less informed and conscientious about major issues in the world around us. In some cases, however, the way the media portrays an issue can twist ones perception, leaving an assumption instead of a factual concept. Mental illness is one of the biggest concepts that the media has distorted due to the majority of portrayals the media presents. Mental health is extremely important and plays a key role in every individuals life. Yet it is also has millions of misconceptions. Mental illness is more common that one would like to believe. In reality, one in five Americans will suffer from a mental disorder in any given year. Though that ratio is about equivalent to more than fifty-four million people, mental illness still remains a shameful and stigmatized topic (National Institute of Mental Health, n. d.). The taboo of mental illness has an extensive and exhausting history, dating back to the beginning of American colonization. It has not been an easy road to say the least. Due to the endless efforts and research of certain foundations and individuals, the ideas and functions of mental health have improved significantly. The advancements made in the field are impressive and without them humankind would not be the same. Yet then why do only fewer than eight million people who are in need of help seek treatment? (National Mental Health Association, 2001). The history, stigmatization, and perception of mental illness are some of the many reasons behind that alarming statistic. The history of mental health and illness is extensive and dates back to the beginning of the colonization of America. The mentally ill were cared for at home by their families until the state recognized that it was a problem that was not going to go away. In response, the state built asylums. These asylums were horrendous; people were chained in basements and treated with cruelty. Though it was the asylums that were to blame for the inhumane treatment of the patients, it was perceived that the mentally ill were untamed crazy beasts that needed to be isolated and dealt with accordingly. In the opinion of the average citizen, the mentally ill only had themselves to blame (Surgeon Generals Report on Mental Health, 1999). Unfortunately, that view has haunted society and left a lasting impression on the minds of Americans. In the era of moral treatment, that view was repetitively attempted to be altered. Asylums became mental hospitals in hope of driving away the stigma yet nothing really changed. They still were built for the untreatable chronic patients and due to the extensive stay and seemingly failed treatments of many of the patients, the rest of the society believed that once you went away, you were gone for good. Network Security Practices Essay Then the era of mental hygiene began late in the nineteenth century. This combined new concepts of public health, scientific medicine, and social awareness. Yet despite these advancements, another change had to be made. The era was called community mental health and continued until 1975. In the beginning the main focus was deinstitutionalization in hopes of connecting the mentally ill to the rest of the world. This advocated knowledge, education, and social support in hopes of erasing the stereotypes of mental illness that was installed in society .

Lesson Plan Essays - Lesson Plan, Pedagogy, Teaching, Texture

Lesson Plan LESSON PLAN TITLE: Touch Grade Level: Pre-school (12-18 months) Subject: Language development, vocabulary enrichment, and science Source: www.lessonplanspage.com Materials: feelie bucket Items of different texture Time: 15-30 minutes Objective: The child will be introduced to sensory descriptors, including smooth, rough, hard, and soft. The child will understand that objects can be described with one or more of these words, such as smooth and hard. Procedure: 1. Introduce the sense of touch by asking students what they can do with there hands. Lead the class to see that they touch things with their hands, and then ask them if everything feels the same when they touch it. You may have to lead the discussion by asking them how the carpet or floor feels. Introduce the words rough, smooth, hard and soft. Be sure to give examples of each so that the students can begin to associate these words with concrete examples. 2. Place the feelie bucket on the floor during circle time. Have each student put there hand into the bucket and pull an item out. Ask the children to describe the item they have found. Encourage the children to touch all or the objects. Assessments: Ask children later in the day to describe the way things feel. Repeat the activity a few days later and see if the children can identify the objects by their appropriate desciptive words. Education Essays

Gun Control Essays (1035 words) - Gun Politics In The United States

Gun Control Essays (1035 words) - Gun Politics In The United States Gun Control Concealed Handguns The guy smiled at meand he began to move toward me with the knife. I thought, this guy is willing to kill me for thirty-five dollars. I aimed the automatic at the outer edge of his left thigh and shot himI remember thinking, shouldnt I call a doctor? And then I thought, would he have called a doctor for me? And I kept right on walking(Would 162). Events such as the one depicted in this story occur all to often on our city streets. The fact that some people will kill for thirty-five dollars has many people in this country searching for a legal source of protection. Through a concealed handgun license innocent people can often walk away from potentially violent crimes unharmed. Carrying a concealed handgun makes perfect sense to everyone but criminals (Jones 259). Whose fault is it when innocent people are murdered because they obey the law and do not carry handguns illegally? If those who abide by the law cannot protect themselves, criminals are assured unarmed targets who are strictly at their, the criminals, mercy. In these cases a concealed handgun acts as an equalizer for those overpowered or outnumbered. The department of Justice states that eighty-seven percent of all violent crimes occur outside the home and concealed handguns are the only defense. Maybe Denver talk-show host Alan Berg would still be alive had he not been denied his concealed handgun permit while fearing his death by white supremacists (Snyder 31). Law abiding citizens have nothing to fear from the legalization of concealed handgun permits. Since the first concealed weapons legislation in Florida in 1987, 31 states have legislated concealed weapon laws, and in each state applicants must meet certain criteria before actually being licensed. Rather reliable background checks are done on each applicant revealing any criminal history or mental illness (Ludwig 1). Most states also require that applicants pass a firearms training course and subject a record of fingerprints to local authorities (Snyder 31). As gun control advocates foretold, wild west shootouts and road-rage killings have not resulted from these concealed carry laws. To say the least, gun control advocates have been profoundly embarrassed by the results of these permits. Between 1987 and 1995, 300,000 concealed handgun permits were issued in Florida. Of these, only five permitted handguns were used in violent crimes and no deaths were recorded (Norquist 75). Yes, five out of 300,000 concealed weapons permits were misused. No law is perfect and no matter what laws are passed, people will still have guns and misuse them. These numbers do show, however, that concealed weapons are not the cause of the countrys crime problem. As a whole, concealed weapon carriers do not engage in violent crimes. Criminals do have weapons and do misuse them (Jones). In the United States, the greatest country in the world, citizens enjoy rights people elsewhere can only dream of. Is it not proper that a person also have the right to protect him or herself? Without concealed handgun laws, an average law-abiding citizen does not have the choice of concealed protection (Jones). In most states, the unlicensed carrying of a handgun is punishable by six to twelve months in jail, regardless of circumstances (Ten 23). With laws like this, what is a person to do? Gun control advocates have the answer. In the case of an emergency, call the police. Despite popular belief, courts have ruled that the police cannot be held accountable for the lack of preventing a crime (Jones). Their function is simply to deter crime. According to the Department of Justice, even if police were accountable and every victim readily had access to a phone, only twenty-eight percent of the time can they arrive within five minutes (Norquist 75). Concealed-carry laws allow law abidin g citizens to be responsible for themselves, to protect themselves and their loved ones, and not have their hands tied by laws that arent followed by criminals (Jones). Surprisingly, concealed handgun laws have proven to significantly deter crime. States with concealed-carry laws have collectively reported thirty-seven percent lower robbery rates and thirty-three percent lower homicide rates that those states without concealed handgun laws (Ten 22). Also the Department of Justice reports that forty percent of felons have

The Role of Observations in the Everyday Life Assignment

The Role of Observations in the Everyday Life - Assignment Example What follows are some of my recollections from these occasions. Last week I went to the mall to observe people through a different lens. Our mall is multi-storied and has a variety of shops that one can peruse. A mall is a social place where people from all walks of life come to talk and be themselves. One often associates the mall with teenagers, but I was surprised to notice the number of older people that were there as well. In order to get a good picture of the mall, I sat on a bench outside the food court. From here, I was able to watch people eating, as well as shopping. Teenagers, quite predictably, were loud and boisterous. As I watched, however, I noticed quite a few elderly people using the mall as a place to walk. It was great to see them out in a social atmosphere enjoying some exercise. There was a great deal of non-verbal communication taking place. I noticed the teenagers could seemingly communicate with each other across table simply by their facial expressions. In addition, I did notice a lot of text messaging taking place. This is quite different than I would have thought, but I suppose it makes sense in today’s world. This impacted their interaction by limiting the amount of actual talking that was taking place. In this particular setting, the interaction was quite informal. There were simply groups of people enjoying a day out with their friends. It was refreshing to watch so many people leaving the cares of this world outside and enjoying a few hours of quality time with their friends and family. The assumption I take from this is that social events are needed in our society. There are a lot of distractions in our daily life, and the time we spend with those close to is very important. The impressions I formed involve the notion that communication styles are changing rapidly. Teenagers are moving towards more non-verbal communication, while older adults still prefer to talk face to face. It will be interesting to see how this plays out in the future.  Ã‚  

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 9

Research Proposal - Essay Example It is in this way that the dual nature of the data demanded will be taken care of. However, it should be pointed that on the basis of the literature review, it is established that low bone content is associated with sedentary lifestyle. A good number of high school students have been found to suffer from a number of deformities or anomalies. The low bone mineral associated with a number of the school population has been attributed to the nature of lifestyle that these people lead. It is found that sedentary students are more prone to this condition as opposed to athletic students albeit on the basis of this study. Through the use of both quantitative and qualitative approaches of data collection, a research is conducted to confirm the veracity of the statement or deny it. On the basis of the literature review, it is found that indeed sedentary students have less bone mineral concentration when compared to the athletic students. It is also found that low bone formation or content does have an adverse effect on the formation of the body skeleton. In turn, poor skeletal formation is known to lead to overall body malfunctioning. Hoch et al. (2009) claims that a substantial number of high school athletes (78%) and a surprisingly high number of sedentary students (65%) have one of or more components of the female athlete triad. The female athlete triad is a co-morbidity condition which refers to an Eating Disorder (low calorie intake), Amenorrhoea (menstrual abnormality) and Osteoporosis (low bone density) (Shamley, 2005). The scope of this research proposal is to investigate among collegiate females if the decline of bone density is strong correlate to a sedentary life style. It is thus presumed that the more sedate an individual is the more their chances of developing the condition. Hoch et al. (2009) found that sedentary students had a bone density lower than student athletes. The assumption is

Human resource management Essay Example for Free

Human resource management Essay Many business owners prepare a business plan before starting their business. However, small business owners often do not include human resource planning as part of their over-all business plan. They may start out with only a few employees or none at all. Over time, it is important to properly forecast employment needs. Just as failing to address potential threats in the marketplace can jeopardize the viability of your business, failing to anticipate personnel needs can impact on overall business success. The success of a business is directly linked to the performance of those who work for that business. Underachievement can be a result of workplace failures. Because hiring the wrong people or failing to anticipate fluctuations in hiring needs can be costly, it is important that you put effort into human resource planning. Planning for HR needs will help to ensure your employees have the skills and competencies your business needs to succeed. An HR plan works hand in hand with your business plan to determine the resources you need to achieve the business’s goals. It will better prepare you for staff turnover, recruitment, and strategic hiring – and alleviate stress when you have emergency/last-minute hiring needs. Human Resource Planning Process Or Steps Of HR Planning Human resource planning is a process through which the company anticipates future business and environmental forces. Human resources planning assess the manpower requirement for future period of time. It attempts to provide sufficient manpower required to perform organizational activities. HR planning is a continuous process which starts with identification of HR objectives, move through analysis of manpower resources and ends at appraisal of HR planning. Following are the major steps involved in human resource planning: 1. Assessing Human Resources The assessment of HR begins with environmental analysis, under which the external (PEST) and internal (objectives, resources and structure) are analyzed to assess the currently available HR inventory level. After the analysis of external and internal forces of the organization, it will be easier for HR manager to find out the internal strengths as well as weakness of the organization in one hand and opportunities and threats on the other. Moreover, it includes an inventory of the workers and skills already available within the organization and a comprehensive job analysis. 2. Demand Forecasting HR forecasting is the process of estimating demand for and supply of HR in an organization. Demand forecasting is a process of determining future needs for HR in terms of quantity and quality. It is done to meet the future personnel requirements of the organization to achieve the desired level of output. Future human resource need can be estimated with the help of the organizations current human resource situation and analysis of organizational plans an procedures. It will be necessary to perform a year-by-year analysis for every significant level and type. HR planning must be tied to the overall business plan. You can start the process by assessing the current conditions and future goals of your company. Perform these assessments regularly. Consider some of the following questions: What are the company’s goals and objectives? Do these goals call for expansion into new markets? Are new product lines planned? Are changes in technology necessary to stay competitive? Will new skills and/or training be required to meet the company’s goals and objectives? The following three-step method is designed to help you determine whether or not you are ready to hire: 1. Identify Business Strategy and Needs 2. Conduct a Job Analysis and Write a Job Description 3. Determine the Feasibility of Hiring Human Resource Planning Checklist Step 1: Identify Business Strategy and Needs Identify pressures and opportunities Clarify your business strategy and direction Identify aspects of the business that need help The following questions will help you determine how many people are required, and with what skills, to fulfill your business needs. What new positions are opening up? What special skills (e.g. computer applications) will be needed? What work experience (e.g. in a particular area) will be required? When will new staff be needed? When should hiring be scheduled to ensure a smooth transition? Does the hiring plan also provide for employee turnover and attrition? Step 2: Conduct a Job Analysis and Write a Job Description Review your current workforce- Describe the employees you now have in terms of their knowledge, skills, and experience and describe how they function together to get work done, At the same time, consider how the current work could be reorganized to make the best use of current and future employees. Identify any skills and knowledge gaps- Note any gaps between the skills and abilities your current employees have and the skills and abilities that your workforce needs to meet your business objectives in the future. Write a job description Set an appropriate salary- Start by adopting a general salary range to help you determine what you will need to budget – and whether potential candidates are within your budget. You may want to complete a job evaluation, whereby you rank jobs and their corresponding salaries. Weigh the importance of critical skills and knowledge for each position, compare positions, and rank the new position on the pay scale accordingly. You will need to do a comparison between the new and existing positions. Is the new position more junior/senior? Will the new position require more specialized skills and knowledge? Will the position have more complex tasks and different working relationships? Will the new position have more or less responsibility? Tips for Conducting a Job Analysis * Ask employees about each position within the business and how they are (or are not) connected * Ask employees if they think hiring a new employee or creating a new position would be a good idea * Observe employees at work and earnestly ask for their ideas about better ways to operate; be prepared to put good suggestions into action * Talk to customers about which employees are easiest to deal with or provide the best service * Find out and understand why past employees have left – be truthful with yourself * Talk to customers about their needs * Understand the needs of people the new employee will be working with * Differentiate between â€Å"nice to have† and â€Å"must have† skills and experiences * Look at employees who are performing at a superior level and try to assess the skills and behavior`s that distinguish them; look for evidence of these behavior`s during the interview * Look at similar positions in other companies and the requirements they have * Read books or articles about companies that may have found themselves in similar situations Step 3: Determine the Feasibility of Hiring Understand the costs of hiring- Labor costs, such as salary and benefits, Recruiting costs, which may include advertising in addition to time spent on recruiting activities, orientation and training. Understand the benefits of hiring- * Improved morale of other employees, if a departing employee was a problem or if the area has been Under staffed for some time * Improved morale of existing staff if the growth means new business and opportunities * Improved productivity if a departing employee was not productive or if employees believed that you have made the decision to hire as a result of their input * Increased revenues once a new employee is performing at an acceptable level * A new employee who is more qualified than current employees can help train the existing employees * Increased customer satisfaction and potentially saved business. Understand the risks of not hiring- * Loss of revenues because of an inability to keep up with demand * Loss of employees because they are unwilling to continue being overworked or to do the work of a departed employee * No new ideas or knowledge brought in through new employees If you decide that hiring a new employee is feasible, you are ready to begin the recruitment process. If not, you might need to revisit your strategic plan or business objectives. 3. Supply Forecasting Supply is another side of human resource assessment. It is concerned with the estimation of supply of manpower given the analysis of current resource and future availability of human resource in the organization. It estimates the future sources of HR that are likely to be available from within an outside the organization. Internal source includes promotion, transfer, job enlargement and enrichment, whereas external source includes recruitment of fresh candidates who are capable of performing well in the organization. 4. Matching Demand And Supply It is another step of human resource planning. It is concerned with bringing the forecast of future demand and supply of HR. The matching process refers to bring demand and supply in an equilibrium position so that shortages and over staffing position will be solved. In case of shortages an organization has to hire more required number of employees. Conversely, in the case of over staffing it has to reduce the level of existing employment. Hence, it is concluded that this matching process gives knowledge about requirements and sources of HR. 5. Action Plan It is the last phase of human resource planning which is concerned with surplus and shortages of human resource. Under it, the HR plan is executed through the designation of different HR activities. The major activities which are required to execute the HR plan are recruitment, selection, placement, training and development, socialization etc. Finally, this step is followed by control and evaluation of performance of HR to check whether the HR planning matches the HR objectives and policies. This action plan should be updated according to change in time and conditions.

Discrimination in America Essay -- essays papers

Discrimination in America Prejudice is the negative attitude based on false generalizations about members of different racial and ethnic groups. From prejudice, discrimination is born. We all are guilty of discriminating other people, but one can only speculate the factors that bring about this hatred towards one another. Although a single cause cannot account for the presence of racism, factors such as socialization, self-justification, and competition are a few human attributes that lead to acts of racial discrimination. At an early age, children begin the process of socialization. In order for one to be able to communicate with others, it is essential for one to learn to socialize with the people around them. One cause of racism is what a young child learns from his or her parents. Parents become the sole teaching source in terms of the values and beliefs that are picked up by their young and impressionable children. Vincent Parrillo, a chairperson of the Department of sociology at William Paterson College, suggests that individuals are molded by the people around ...

Planet of Slums Essay

As the sprawling sky rocketed buildings, and electrifying industries began to show the dreams of unlimited potentials, our eyes are yet to catch nasty travails of the urban life in all its vicissitude. 2005 was a witness to the ever increase in population in cities- expecting to reach 10 billion mark in 2050, but majority of them confined in the areas characterized by crumbling houses, dirty water, unhygienic environment, and very minimum sources and nothing in the name of social services, and ever increasing unemployment rate. These are slum areas of the urban cities where maximum of migrants from villages and small towns find their place. â€Å"Planet of Slums† by Mike Davis is an exploration of these dark corners of the most virtualized urban cities and, also reflects his deep commitment for raising our consciousness towards the real causes behind the unprecedented growth of these slum areas. He analyzed the grim view of this global phenomenon over the past half-century and what this billion strong slum population had in store for political future. From as far as places like Brazil to New Guinea, and from Senegal to Pakistan, rural folks are leaving their traditional occupation and landing in the slums of the urban cites for new growth and income opportunities in new occupational arenas. In countries like Africa and Latin America, people flocked to cities to escape from either the war or famine or got attracted by the income growth in factories producing clothes like t-shirts, sneakers, and toothbrushes never heard of before. Though the impact of migration process is being felt since the first industrial revolution, yet the conditions and the environment they have been staying in truly reflect their shattered dreams. They dream of getting rich but what they are gaining in cities like Manchester, Chicago, Tokyo and Mumbai are their unending lives in dirty towns and squatter camps. Guldin’s case study of Southern China exposes the point that it is not only the cities which are being developed but it is also the vice versa, â€Å"Villagers become more like market and xiang towns, and county towns and small cities become more like large cities. † (Davis 2006: 9) Many countries are also witness to the bubbling city lives reaching at the doorstep of the rural folks in their own villages or towns. It has quite happened in Malaysia where journalist SeaBrook highlighted the fate of several fishermen, â€Å"Engulfed by urbanization without migrating, their lives overturned, even while remaining on the spot where they were born. †(Davis 2006: 9) The lives of fishermen had all been uprooted by the new waves of urbanization, which cut off their homes from sea due to new highway, polluted their fishing ponds due to urban waste, and deforested the neighboring hillsides to construct apartment blocks. Johannesburg is one of the many cities, which is a witness to the degeneration of soil owing to continuous inebriated mining. More than half of the non-white population is surviving at informal settlements in areas where there is abundant of toxic waste and chronic ground. But the most classic case recorded by Davis is Mumbai in India, where the people earning higher level of income own 90 per cent of land whereas poor people are overcrowded. CBC News correspondent drafted a picture of the third largest city in the world after Tokyo and Mexico. Mumbai has 10 million people with majority of the population belonging to slum areas and the Dharavi at the vicinity of Mumbai is considered to be the largest slum in Asia. (Benoit 2006: Online) The lands where the slums are developed are the most valuable real estate areas but all are illegal and every day government vehicles come in one part of the slum areas or to the next for the demolition and every time they are established again. Several times, state had tried to enter into deal with private individuals for the redevelopment of the lands and for providing new houses for slum dwellers but this process has been unsuccessful. These slum dwellers are the backbone of the city Mumbai providing the labour for menial jobs like train operators, construction workers, factory workers etc. Davis said that, â€Å"These polarized patterns of land use and population density recapitulate older logics of imperial control and racial dominance. † (Escobar 2007: 27) Even though the economies of mega cities like Lagos, Kinshasa, and Dar Es Salaam have been deteriorating or remaining stagnant still since last many years, these cities have been continuously attracting new arrivals. Davis attempted to focus on the reasons behind the growth of slums that had been the matter of concern for economists since many years. The debt crises of 1970s and 1980s, and the restructuring of the developing economies in third world by International Monetary Fund during 1980s have been the main culprits. During the mid seventies, World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) began to grant loans to the developing nations on the conditions of structural adjustment policies. The term denotes the changes in the policies of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank for granting the new loans at lower rate of interest to the developing countries with certain conditions. The conditions are levied to ensure the proper use of the money lended and to reduce fiscal imbalance of borrowing countries. The developing nations had to privatize their public services department and infrastructure, devalue their currencies, initiate in the growth of crops for exports, and remove the subsidies and this had a direct impact on the local farmers and manufacturers who were forced to enter into competition with the First World agribusiness and corporations. Davis evoked, â€Å"Rapid urban growth in the context of structural adjustment, currency devaluation, and state retrenchment has been an inevitable recipe for the mass production of slums† (Davis 2006: 17). The World Bank and IMF became a part of the capitalist system in the international scenario subsequently supported by Reagan, Thatcher, and Kohl (Davis 2006: 153). According to Davis, â€Å"Debt has been the forcing-house of an epochal transfer of power from Third World nations to the Bretton Woods institutions [World Bank and IMF] controlled by the US and other core capitalist countries [†¦] The [World Bank’s] professional staff are the postmodern equivalent of a colonial civil service† (Davis 2006: 153-4). The global forces with their weapons of the deregulation and mechanization of agriculture, and promotion of the consolidation of smallholdings into large ones created the surplus of rural labour forcing them to make the urban slums their final destination, as the job market in the cities became on the verge of extinction. In Davis own words, â€Å"Over-urbanization’ is driven by the reproduction of poverty, not by the supply of jobs. This is one of the unexpected tracks down which a neo-liberal world order is shunting the future† (Davis 2006: 16). It is not only rural folks but also import substitution industries, public sectors, and middle classes felt an impact. (Davis 2006: 16) Millions of city-dwellers were directly pushed into poverty due to Neo-liberalism. But along with this, the same policies that had shattered the small public sector enterprises gave boost to the private enterprises, importers, military personnel and many leading players controlling political circles. Besides undertaking economic consideration, Davis espouses upon the various social, religious, ethnic and political movements making their presence felt at the every corner of the dwelling of urban poor. For e. g. the resistance movement of Islam at the Casablanca and Cairo, street gangs dominating the streets of Cape-town and San Salvador, the movement Pentecostalism at Kinshasa and Rio de Janeiro, and revolutionary movement at Caracas and La Paz became hallmark of the new movement initiated by American regime as their war over terrorism. But this war was nothing but a setting of a stage of a long prolonged war between the American regime and the slum dwellers. Going with the UN-Habitat Report, â€Å"Challenge of Slums†, which went public in 2003, Davis emphasized the final aspect to the whole holocaust that lay behind the growth of an ugly phase of the urbanization. He cited the â€Å"Retreat of the State, as the main unfounded reason for the increase in poverty and unequal division of income and wealth during 1980s and 1990s. Davis 2006: 154) These state of affairs led to the development of the â€Å"virtual democracy, whereby all the control of the macro-economic policies of Third World nations are controlled from Washington. † (Davis 2006: 154) Adding to the cause also is the corruption among leaderships, institutional failures and structural adjustment programs that eventually led to the transfer of wealth from poor to rich nations. Besides, haphazard way of the developing of roads and increasing traffic beckoned the environmentalists’ towards the extensive amount of population and ever-growth of the rows of slums near the roadsides and railways tracks. Initially Davis was going to give title of his book, The World Is a Ghetto, but the motive of the writer was to bring to the notice of the world the changes that had emerged in the global scenario though appearing to be on the development side yet it is a false notion as amidst the high rise buildings, industries, hotels and restaurants, zooming vehicles on the road, there are darker corners we often ignore. These slums are posing the problems of imperial order and social control that began to come to the notice of geopolitics. In a deep ironic note, Davis says if America aims to leash out the terrorists into the social and cultural periphery, it would be making the poor developing cities as permanent battlefields. Planet of Slums is an eye opener for the world imperialistic orders to make them analyze the fact that no city can virtually grow on wealth alone.

Law Enforcement Is A Challenging Job - 1110 Words

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